Carbon dioxide for merchant production is the lion’s share of recovery which takes place for the commodity, at least in terms of plants and projects which are readily observed.
Those which are not readily observed could perhaps include recovery and the onsite utilisation of the commodity in the manufacture of urea, from an onsite ammonia production plant and operations in pulp/paper industries which use CO2 in the production of calcium carbonate.
In the sugar refining industry, those plants which often burn fossil fuels such as coke and coal, and heat limestone which drives off CO2, often use part of the CO2 flue gas in the sugar refining process.
In some cases today, there remain old municipal water treatment plants which continue to operate underground burners; usually natural gas or propane is burned and the flue gas containing CO2 for ‘recarbonation’ is often considered a means of reducing the Ph of municipal treated water and for lime-softening operations. Other places where much larger requirements of a niche or onsite basis are equal to or greater than the large urea production operations, would include the recovery of CO2 for direct sequestration projects (usually subterranean) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) ventures.
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