Freeze drying, also known as lyophilisation, plays an important role in drug manufacturing by stabilising delicate pharmaceutical and biological products.
Over the past several decades, significant progress has been made in the design of freeze drying processes, enabling the industry to take full advantage of recently developed technologies, including those in the field of controlled nucleation.
Developed commercially in the 1940s, the freeze drying process is comprised of the following three main steps: freezing (solidification), primary drying (ice sublimation), and secondary drying (moisture desorption), and can take up to several days.
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