Some industries are considered ‘difficult to decarbonise’. Iron and steelmaking is one example. Cement is another.
The challenge of decarbonisation in these industries is that carbon dioxide emissions result from the process itself, in addition to combustion of fuels for heat and energy.
In the case of ironmaking, carbon in the form of coke is used to draw oxygen out of the iron ore. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the result. In cement making, calcium carbonate in the form of limestone is chemically reduced to form calcium oxide. Again, carbon dioxide is produced from the process chemistry.
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